Komunitas Muslim Cham di Vietnam: Tinjauan Historis, Struktur Keagamaan Bani Sunni, dan Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Kontemporer: The Cham Muslim Community in Vietnam: Historical Overview, Sunni Religious Structure, and Contemporary Socioeconomic Conditions

Fatimah Nur Azizah; Tien Kamila  Al Widad; Putri Agustin  Sulistyowati

Authors

Fatimah Nur Azizah UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta, Indonesia Author
Tien Kamila Al Widad UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta, Indonesia Author
Putri Agustin Sulistyowati UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta, Indonesia Author

Keywords:

Cham Bani, Cham Sunni, Minoritas Muslim, Sinkretisme, Vietnam

Abstract

The Cham Muslim community in Vietnam is an ethno-religious minority with complex historical, theological, and socio-economic dynamics, particularly the Cham Bani group, which practices an indigenized Islam through a blend of Islamic teachings, Hindu traditions, and local customs. This study aims to analyze the historical development of Islam in the Champa region, examine the religious structure of the Cham Bani and its relationship with the Sunni Cham, and evaluate the socio-economic adaptation of this community in the context of contemporary Vietnamese policy. The study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical library study approach to academic literature, historical documents, and research reports published in 2020–2025. Data analysis is conducted thematically with an emphasis on historical, religious, and socio-economic dimensions, and is interpreted using the framework of cultural resilience theory. The results show that the dichotomy of the Cham Bani and the Sunni Cham is rooted in two distinct phases of Islamization and reinforced by the diaspora after the collapse of the Champa Kingdom. The Cham Bani maintain their identity through distinctive clerical structures, such as the role of Acar and Modoun, and ritual practices as adaptive strategies to deal with the pressures of modernization, the Đổi Mới policy, and the transnational purification of Islam. In conclusion, the Cham Bani represent an active and dynamic form of minority cultural resilience. This research contributes to the enrichment of studies on Muslim minorities in Southeast Asia and serves as a reference for formulating more inclusive development policies.

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