Understanding the Figure of Jesus in the Modern Era: Challenges and Relevance of Christology in Contemporary Life

Abstract

This study examines the shifting understanding of the figure of Jesus Christ in the modern era, where rapid technological development, rationalism, and individual autonomy challenge the relevance of traditional Christological doctrines. The research aims to analyze how contemporary Christology, particularly the “Christology from Below” approach, can respond to these challenges and maintain its significance in addressing real-life issues. This study employs a qualitative library research method, utilizing theological texts, scholarly articles, and contemporary studies as primary data sources, which are analyzed through thematic and hermeneutic approaches to reconstruct meaning within modern contexts. The findings reveal that emphasizing the humanity of Jesus provides a more accessible and rational entry point for modern individuals, while also restoring the practical relevance of faith in addressing social justice, pluralism, and digital moral crises. Furthermore, the study shows that the tension between rationalism and faith does not negate belief but transforms it into a rationally accountable and existentially meaningful framework. In conclusion, contemporary Christology must move beyond rigid dogmatism toward a contextual, praxis-oriented approach that integrates faith, reason, and social engagement. This study contributes to theological discourse by offering a constructive model that bridges classical doctrine with contemporary human experience.